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Don’t you hate it when you’re just sitting there at home, watching some TrueBlood (any other fans out there?) and enjoying a night at home on the couch, when all of a sudden your leg just randomly bursts into flames? No? Is it just me? Well, it’s not just me – there are about 200 reported cases of incidents that may have been spontaneous human combustion (SHC). Here are a few of those cases.
1. Henry Thomas was a 73-year-old man living in South Wales when he came to his mysterious end in 1980. The policemen and forensic scientists deduced this from Thomas’ remains: he had been sitting comfortably in his easy chair when he somehow caught fire near the top of his body and burned to death. And it was an intense fire – all that was left of Mr. Thomas were his legs below the knee and his skull. Oddly, his feet were completely unburned and what was left of his legs were still clothes in socks and trousers that were practically untouched by the fire. Although there was evidence of a fire in the fireplace, there was no evidence that it had spread from there. One of the non-SHC theories was that Thomas had somehow managed to set his hair on fire while stoking it, then sat down in his chair unaware of the fact. The trained crime scene officer who analyzed the place argued that if a man had been sitting down when he realized his hair was on fire, he certainly wouldn’t sit there and continue to let it burn. In the end, though, Thomas’ death was ruled “death by burning” with no mention of SHC.
2. Robert Francis Bailey apparently experienced something similar about 13 years prior to Thomas’ incident. A group of office workers were waiting for the bus around 5 a.m. on September 13, 1967, when they noticed flames in the upper window of a building. They immediately called the police, who rushed to the scene of the derelict building. There, they found the still-burning body of Robert Bailey, a homeless man. The policeman first to the scene reported that a blue flame was being emitted forcefully from a four-inch slit in Bailey’s abdomen, and his teeth were clenched down on the newel post of the staircase he had collapsed next to. They managed to extinguish Bailey by forcing a hose into the abdominal cavity. No external means of ignition were found on his body, and he was a non-smoker. He was a known alcoholic, though, drinking denatured alcohol because it was cheap. Denatured alcohol is the stuff without any beverage properties to it – it’s often used to ignite fires while camping and to remove stains from clothes and upholstery. One theory was that all of the denatured alcohol in his gut somehow reacted with an igniter of some sort.
3. Mary Reeser of St. Petersburg, Florida, was found dead in her home on July 2, 1951. Her landlady showed up at the door around 8 a.m. on July 2, and when she touched the doorknob to the apartment it was alarmingly warm to the touch. Getting no response from inside, the landlady called the police. They found what was left of Mary Reeser in a chair, just like Henry Thomas. Part of her left foot remained, including the slipper it was encased in. Her skull remained as well, but some reports say the heat shrunk it down to the size of a teacup. Reports and evidence were sent off to the FBI; they concluded that Reeser had taken sleeping pills – something she was known to do regularly – and then inadvertently set herself on fire with her cigarette after the pills had taken effect. Professor Krogman of the University of Pennsylvania had another theory, though – someone had murdered her, then incinerated her remains in a crematorium and brought them back to her apartment for someone to find. What’s more, they used some sort of a portable heating device to burn the spots that surrounded Mary’s body and burn the doorknob to make it hot.
4. John Irving Bentley enjoyed an evening of visiting with friends at his home on December 4, 1966, and then, apparently, he spontaneously combusted. Sometime after 9 p.m. when his friends departed and the morning of December 5 when his meter reader showed up to check the meter, Bentley was reduced to a pile of ashes, except for his right leg (seeing a trend here?). The meter reader noticed a weird odor and saw some blue smoke and decided to investigate; when he reached Bentley’s bathroom he found Bentley and ran to get help, yelling, “Dr. Bentley has burned up!!” At first, it was thought that the elderly man had accidentally set himself on fire with his pipe, but then his pipe was found intact by his bedside. Nevertheless, it remains the culprit in this case: investigators determined that he dropped ashes from his pipe onto his robe and then went to the bathroom to fetch a pitcher of water to put out the flames. This was supposed by the broken remains of something that may have been a pitcher and by Bentley’s smoldering robe, which was found next to the hole that had burned through the floor. Bentley apparently kept matches in his robe pocket, which are thought to have intensified the fire when they caught.
5. Jeannie Saffin is an unusual case – someone actually witnessed her combustion. Jeannie was 61 years old when she died, but had the mental capacity of a six-year-old. According to her father, who was 82 at the time, he and Jeannie were both sitting in the kitchen when he saw a bright surge of light out of the corner of his eye and turned to ask his daughter if she had seen it. To his amazement, when he turned his head to look at her, she was on fire, but just sat still with her hands in her lap. He yanked her over to the sink to try to put her out and disfigured his hands in the process. Jeannie suffered “full thickness” burns on her face, hands and abdomen. That means the flesh was burned off down to the subcutaneous fat. Her hands and face were pretty much destroyed; she lapsed into a coma and died eight days later. Her combustion is largely unexplained, although an attempt has been made: supposedly, a speck from her father’s pipe had fallen into her clothing sometime earlier and was only ignited when a gust of wind from an opening door fanned it. Hmm. Not sure I buy that one.
6. George Mott of Crown Point, N.Y., was enjoying an episode of The Twilight Zone the night before he burst into flames, and is said to have remarked, “Nothing weird like that ever happens to me. I wish it would.” Umm… be careful what you wish for. The next day, according to Weird New England, his son found the three and a half pounds of bone and ash that used to be George Mott. Unlike some of the other people on this list, Mott was not a smoker and therefore couldn’t have accidentally touched a cigarette to his clothing or anything along those lines. An investigation could come up with no means of external ignition whatsoever. Another kicker: Mott was a retired fireman.
7. Jack Angel is a man who spontaneously combusted… and survived. At least, that’s his story. He says he simply went to sleep in his trailer in a hotel parking lot and woke up four days later with burns and blisters all over his body, including a giant hole in his chest. He got up and showered and walked over to the hotel, where he collapsed. He woke up in a hospital and was so badly burned that his right hand became horribly infected and was unsalvageable. He had to have his arm amputated at the elbow. However, this totally contradicts what Angel said in court when he sued the manufacturers of his trailer’s hot water heater for $3,000,000. The conclusion? Angel was taking a shower when the water stopped and when he went out to check it, the pressure valve released and the hot water scalded him. But the doctor who examined Angel signed a report saying that Angel had burned from the inside out, not the outside in – so was the doctor mistaken? Or did Angel really spontaneously combust and then try to pass it off on a faulty hot water heater to get the money? Illustration from Weird Georgia.
So, what do you think? Can SHC always be explained by things like smoldering cigarettes and strange alcohol reactions, or is there something more mysterious at work? Share your theories in the comments. By the way, there are some rather horrifying pictures of spontaneous combustion, but I chose not to show them in case some of you are squeamish. But just do a Google Images search and you’ll see the ones I mean.
I know I hate when people do this, but you mean “water heater” and not “hot water heater”. Hot water doesn’t need to be heated ;)
As for SHC, everything has an explanation.
posted by Jo on 7-14-2009 at 4:47 pm
I’ve watched a documentary on this. It freaked me out. The even stranger thing about this is that the fire can burn people to ash in a very short amount of time. The temparature needed to do that is something extremely hot. When they find these people- or whats left of them, often nothing around the person is burned or melted. Like one of the stories above, these people essentially create a hole in the chair they were sitting in, and in one case created a body shape hole through the bed, burned through the floor in the exact body shape and landed in the basement and turned to ash.- nothing else caught fire.
posted by James on 7-14-2009 at 4:48 pm
Is it really considered “spontaneous” combustion when you are caught on fire because of a cigarette?
I assumed “spontaneous” to indicate that it occured all by itself with no explanation. Which would be way cooler than being caught on fire by a cigarette (or alcohol in your stomach)!
posted by Sarah on 7-14-2009 at 5:01 pm
sarah, do you honestly think these people would have died from a cigarette burn? if I was being burned that bad by a cigarette then I would have woken up before I received even 2nd degree burns….. this is something much more than that
posted by jeremiah on 7-14-2009 at 6:07 pm
The only thing more frightening than spontaneous human combustion is simultaneous human combustion. How appropriate is it that my captcha is “businessmen crisping”?
posted by SimonCabron on 7-14-2009 at 6:28 pm
I LOVE True Blood…
I’m just saying.
posted by Troy Lee Wells on 7-14-2009 at 6:58 pm
What about Mick Shrimpton?
posted by Seth on 7-14-2009 at 7:06 pm
SHC is not something new. In Charles Dickens’ 1850s novel, “Bleak House,” Krook, a rag and bottle man, who made his living buying and selling, rags, bottles, papers, etc., dies through spontaneous human combustion. Before you go to the library to read Dickens’ description of the event, Dickens had it happen off stage, so to speak. Two young men, who were staying in the same rooming house and who were to meet with Krook, noticed a strange smell in the air and something greasy on the brick wall outside the window. When they went downstairs to Krook’s room, the cat was frightened, the odor was stronger, and all that could be found on Krook was a pile of ashes in his chair. I never expected Dickens would have included something like that in one of his novels.
posted by Larry on 7-14-2009 at 7:14 pm
The human body just might get overheated and and suddenly combust.
posted by Kari on 7-14-2009 at 7:40 pm
I am very prone to static electricity. I’m perpetually being shocked, by my car, by door handles, any sort of metal fence or doorway I walk by or through. I get looked at oddly because I’ve developed the Pavlovian (anti-Pavlovian?) response of hesitating, then lashing out and hitting the door handle before entering a building.
I read somewhere that folks like me are in danger of spontaneous human combustion. If there is such a thing.
posted by MKT on 7-14-2009 at 8:33 pm
I have one theory on the cause of SHC: a buildup of methane gas in the human body/colon that is ignited by static electricity. Hense the reason why a leg or head is often left behind. So, if this theory is correct, everyone has good reason never to hold back toxic farts. I would hate to be in the middle of wal-mart and burst into flames. :P
posted by AsyriaJade on 7-14-2009 at 10:04 pm
I remember seeing a special on Discovery Channel about SHC. The case of George Mott was included in that special, and he was indeed a smoker, though he claimed he was trying to quit. He was also using an oxygen tank due to sleep apnea. Nearly all cases of SHC involve smokers.
The scientific experts consulted in that DC special had very rational explanations for the SHC cases presented to them. They even showed how it’s possible for a body to burn without anything else around it catching fire. The one guy who supported the idea of SHC had no real evidence to back the theory up.
posted by GNN on 7-15-2009 at 4:19 am
You forgot the case in White City, Oregon. I remember seeing that one on the news AND on the Discovery Channel in the same week… hahaha They found the lady’s shoes, her legs below the knee, and her nose.
posted by Kate on 7-15-2009 at 5:20 am
Wherever the spark comes from, I believe there also has to be chemistry involved. Like was mentioned, a methane buildup to feed a fire, or extreme alcohol consumption, or other weird flammable chemicals in the body. SHC night even require a couple of these in combination.
posted by Miss Cellania on 7-15-2009 at 8:55 am
I think that SHC happens and its ok that we dont have an explaination yet. I think one day someone will discover what really happens in cases of SHC. I just hope someone finds out during my lifetime.
posted by Becca on 7-15-2009 at 12:36 pm
One of the leading scientific theories as to SHC does indeed involve a flammable chemical in the body — body fat. The theory goes (and this has been reproduced with pig carcasses) that an initial heat source heats up one spot enough to crack the skin open, fat melts, gets wicked up by the victim’s clothing, and voila — human candle. This is dependent on several things, though: an external ignition source (though possibly a very small one), a victim who cannot respond (drugged, disabled, drunk, or seriously ill), and a pretty significant amount of body fat. It ain’t gonna happen to a supermodel, in other words.
It probably can’t explain the case of Jeannie Saffin, because it predicts a slow burn, and her case was obviously quite rapid.
posted by Calli Arcale on 7-15-2009 at 1:30 pm
So, wait should I stop drinking and smoking?
posted by yorgi on 7-15-2009 at 4:09 pm
Has anyone ever spontaneously combusted while eating a dairy queen blizzard? I’m worried … please respond!
posted by smk on 7-15-2009 at 9:21 pm
The website Howstuffworks.com has some of the scientific theories behind SHC. One theory I see a lot of in skeptical articles is the “wick effect”. The fat in a human can act like the wax in a candle.
posted by Nancy Grew on 7-15-2009 at 11:22 pm
Um, you could stand to do a bit more research into the phenomenon. Most supposed SHC cases have been shown to have three common factors: victim incapacitated, source of combustion, and long period of time before being found. That’s all that’s needed to reduce a corpse to ash with even a low temperature smoldering fire – the high temperatures usually quoted (3000 degrees fahrenheit) are only necessary to reduce a body to ash quickly, as a crematorium would need to do. Most victims had a nearby source of combustible material, such as a chair, to fuel the fire as well.
It’s hard to maintain you’re seeing any kind of strange occurrence when two of the three descriptors, “spontaneous” and “human,” can’t even be established in the majority of cases. Taking burning accidents, as in three of your seven cases, as examples of SHC also seems to be reaching.
posted by Just Al on 7-16-2009 at 1:44 am
OOPS! I have a lot of gas!!!! I also have a lot of electricity in my body. I guess I am going to be consumed by some mysterious flame. Ha Ha Ha Ha.
posted by Colleen on 12-14-2009 at 11:53 pm