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	<title>Comments on: HELP!!! (That third exclamation point means we&#8217;re desperate)</title>
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	<description>Feel Smart Again</description>
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		<title>By: Rebekka</title>
		<link>http://www.mentalfloss.com/blogs/archives/7882/comment-page-2#comment-24340</link>
		<dc:creator>Rebekka</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 18 Sep 2007 06:20:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.mentalfloss.com/blogs/archives/7882#comment-24340</guid>
		<description>I have an email that CIGNA sent to all of its employees in response to Michael Moore&#039;s recent documentary. I&#039;m sure it&#039;s a little slanted, but it is directly from an insurance company/healthcare provider. pretty interesting that they put this together.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I have an email that CIGNA sent to all of its employees in response to Michael Moore&#8217;s recent documentary. I&#8217;m sure it&#8217;s a little slanted, but it is directly from an insurance company/healthcare provider. pretty interesting that they put this together.</p>
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		<title>By: Lynn</title>
		<link>http://www.mentalfloss.com/blogs/archives/7882/comment-page-2#comment-24329</link>
		<dc:creator>Lynn</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 17 Sep 2007 23:06:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.mentalfloss.com/blogs/archives/7882#comment-24329</guid>
		<description>I have worked at a managed care insurance company and presently work in a physician&#039;s office. I do the billing of charges and the posting of payments. I can tell you why doctors hate HMO, managed care, etc. What other business is there that the business charges $50 for a service and Medicare tells you that if you want their business, you will accept $15 and write off the remaining balance and you will fill out volumes of paperwork so you can accept that $15 and if you make a mistake, we can fine you, take away your business or even throw you in jail. The insurance company will give you a slightly higher rate for now but if we can contract with your competitor at a lower rate, we will then lower the rate we pay you and eventually them.If you don&#039;t accept this new rate, then you won&#039;t have any patients.This is why MD&#039;s are looking at the patient mix, meaning what percentage of your patients are Medicare, Medicaid, commercial or HMO, or non-insurance. A higher Medicare ratio will impact the bottom line. A single physician on his own is a small business, paying employee salaries, work comp ins, liability insurance, malpractice insurance and the usual overhead and don&#039;t forget those taxes. All of the money does not go in the physician&#039;s back pocket.  

Most people are not aware that Medicare payments to MD&#039;s vary depending on what state or even city you live in for the same service. Medicare payments to a MD are not based on what the MD charges. Many insurance companies like to base their fee schedule on Medicare rates because those rates are sometimes slightly raised but because most times they are lowered. The major HMO&#039;s in this state do not pay a cap or stipend for each patient. It&#039;s based on a contracted rate when a patient is seen. Plus in our state, the physician must pay gross receipts tax (ours is 7%) on all income that is not under contract. Thank you Bill Richardson.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I have worked at a managed care insurance company and presently work in a physician&#8217;s office. I do the billing of charges and the posting of payments. I can tell you why doctors hate HMO, managed care, etc. What other business is there that the business charges $50 for a service and Medicare tells you that if you want their business, you will accept $15 and write off the remaining balance and you will fill out volumes of paperwork so you can accept that $15 and if you make a mistake, we can fine you, take away your business or even throw you in jail. The insurance company will give you a slightly higher rate for now but if we can contract with your competitor at a lower rate, we will then lower the rate we pay you and eventually them.If you don&#8217;t accept this new rate, then you won&#8217;t have any patients.This is why MD&#8217;s are looking at the patient mix, meaning what percentage of your patients are Medicare, Medicaid, commercial or HMO, or non-insurance. A higher Medicare ratio will impact the bottom line. A single physician on his own is a small business, paying employee salaries, work comp ins, liability insurance, malpractice insurance and the usual overhead and don&#8217;t forget those taxes. All of the money does not go in the physician&#8217;s back pocket.  </p>
<p>Most people are not aware that Medicare payments to MD&#8217;s vary depending on what state or even city you live in for the same service. Medicare payments to a MD are not based on what the MD charges. Many insurance companies like to base their fee schedule on Medicare rates because those rates are sometimes slightly raised but because most times they are lowered. The major HMO&#8217;s in this state do not pay a cap or stipend for each patient. It&#8217;s based on a contracted rate when a patient is seen. Plus in our state, the physician must pay gross receipts tax (ours is 7%) on all income that is not under contract. Thank you Bill Richardson.</p>
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		<title>By: kikz</title>
		<link>http://www.mentalfloss.com/blogs/archives/7882/comment-page-2#comment-24227</link>
		<dc:creator>kikz</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 16 Sep 2007 11:19:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.mentalfloss.com/blogs/archives/7882#comment-24227</guid>
		<description>election issues?

w/o vote accountability/verification, what&#039;s the point?

blackbox voting must be stopp&#039;d.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>election issues?</p>
<p>w/o vote accountability/verification, what&#8217;s the point?</p>
<p>blackbox voting must be stopp&#8217;d.</p>
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		<title>By: Kara</title>
		<link>http://www.mentalfloss.com/blogs/archives/7882/comment-page-2#comment-24197</link>
		<dc:creator>Kara</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 15 Sep 2007 19:26:15 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.mentalfloss.com/blogs/archives/7882#comment-24197</guid>
		<description>Addressing Laura C&#039;s comment somewhat: the United States is one of the few industrialized nations that does not have a price cap on prescription medications. As a result, Americans have to pick up the slack for countries that do have price regulations in place. That&#039;s part of why Big Pharma utilizes such aggressive sales techniques - they recoup more money per prescription in the US than anywhere else.

Many of us wonder why medications are so expensive, but what we don&#039;t keep in mind is that the cost of research and development and testing of new treatments cost millions of dollars, and that expense has to be leveraged out. And while Americans living in border towns trumpet the benefits of buying cheaper drugs in Canada, they don&#039;t know that someone has to pay for their discounted drugs, and right now, that&#039;s us here in the US. It&#039;s a vicious cycle of sorts...everyone wants access to the latest and best drugs, but those drugs only come after many years of very expensive trials, and no one wants to pay for it.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Addressing Laura C&#8217;s comment somewhat: the United States is one of the few industrialized nations that does not have a price cap on prescription medications. As a result, Americans have to pick up the slack for countries that do have price regulations in place. That&#8217;s part of why Big Pharma utilizes such aggressive sales techniques &#8211; they recoup more money per prescription in the US than anywhere else.</p>
<p>Many of us wonder why medications are so expensive, but what we don&#8217;t keep in mind is that the cost of research and development and testing of new treatments cost millions of dollars, and that expense has to be leveraged out. And while Americans living in border towns trumpet the benefits of buying cheaper drugs in Canada, they don&#8217;t know that someone has to pay for their discounted drugs, and right now, that&#8217;s us here in the US. It&#8217;s a vicious cycle of sorts&#8230;everyone wants access to the latest and best drugs, but those drugs only come after many years of very expensive trials, and no one wants to pay for it.</p>
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		<title>By: Carey</title>
		<link>http://www.mentalfloss.com/blogs/archives/7882/comment-page-2#comment-24164</link>
		<dc:creator>Carey</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 15 Sep 2007 08:12:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.mentalfloss.com/blogs/archives/7882#comment-24164</guid>
		<description>Not exactly novel, someone alluded to it earlier in this thread, but I worked in healthcare a few years ago and the Administrative cost ALONE of the American insurance system has got to be ENORMOUS. Different codes, different systems, negotiation of reimbursement rates based on insurer/condition, claims receipt, claims adjudication, actual claim payment &amp; bills based on different reimbursement rates, different co-payments and billing/payment structures from thousands of different providers &amp; dozens of insurers, different statutory requirements for insurance from state-to-state, various federal regulations, all the accountants needed to track this stuff on both the insurer and the provider side, all the IRS folks whose job is to vet deductions for medical expenses, it just goes on and on. Not to mention the computer systems that someone has to develop, install and maintain - I know at my old healthcare company, our entire financial system (outside of the medical billing/payment system) cost about $12K; the medical billing/payment system cost 5x that much because what it had to do was so complex just to keep everything straight, and this was a VERY small practice. 

I imagine the overhead alone has got to be at least 20-25% of the total cost for providing medical care. Anyone else think this is an interesting subject?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Not exactly novel, someone alluded to it earlier in this thread, but I worked in healthcare a few years ago and the Administrative cost ALONE of the American insurance system has got to be ENORMOUS. Different codes, different systems, negotiation of reimbursement rates based on insurer/condition, claims receipt, claims adjudication, actual claim payment &amp; bills based on different reimbursement rates, different co-payments and billing/payment structures from thousands of different providers &amp; dozens of insurers, different statutory requirements for insurance from state-to-state, various federal regulations, all the accountants needed to track this stuff on both the insurer and the provider side, all the IRS folks whose job is to vet deductions for medical expenses, it just goes on and on. Not to mention the computer systems that someone has to develop, install and maintain &#8211; I know at my old healthcare company, our entire financial system (outside of the medical billing/payment system) cost about $12K; the medical billing/payment system cost 5x that much because what it had to do was so complex just to keep everything straight, and this was a VERY small practice. </p>
<p>I imagine the overhead alone has got to be at least 20-25% of the total cost for providing medical care. Anyone else think this is an interesting subject?</p>
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		<title>By: Laura C</title>
		<link>http://www.mentalfloss.com/blogs/archives/7882/comment-page-2#comment-24158</link>
		<dc:creator>Laura C</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 15 Sep 2007 05:43:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.mentalfloss.com/blogs/archives/7882#comment-24158</guid>
		<description>I work at a doctor&#039;s office...many years.  I was wondering how much money do pharmacutical companies spend to woo doctors to use their drugs?  Each week, we&#039;ll have 2 or 3 companies come in with luch for the whole office (7-8 people) with plenty of leftovers.  Not just homemade sandwiches, but expensive food from nice restaurants.  And, these companies also are constanly giving doctors free note pads, pens, clocks, and other office supplies (with the drug logo in it, of course).  This has to add up....big time.  All of this doesn&#039;t include the free samples they give doctors to give to patients to try out.  How much do these drug companies spend?  It just seems wrong.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I work at a doctor&#8217;s office&#8230;many years.  I was wondering how much money do pharmacutical companies spend to woo doctors to use their drugs?  Each week, we&#8217;ll have 2 or 3 companies come in with luch for the whole office (7-8 people) with plenty of leftovers.  Not just homemade sandwiches, but expensive food from nice restaurants.  And, these companies also are constanly giving doctors free note pads, pens, clocks, and other office supplies (with the drug logo in it, of course).  This has to add up&#8230;.big time.  All of this doesn&#8217;t include the free samples they give doctors to give to patients to try out.  How much do these drug companies spend?  It just seems wrong.</p>
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		<title>By: Lalita</title>
		<link>http://www.mentalfloss.com/blogs/archives/7882/comment-page-2#comment-24151</link>
		<dc:creator>Lalita</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 15 Sep 2007 02:56:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.mentalfloss.com/blogs/archives/7882#comment-24151</guid>
		<description>Healthcare costs are skyrocketing (with children, for example, getting sicker, younger) and people having old age types of health considerations much earlier in their working lives (like diabetes and heart disease).

Stockholders are demanding more return on their investment and, to increase stock performance, firms have been downsizing and raiding the healthcare piggybank. They have also demanded that companies require their staffers to pay more for their benefits or institute a tiered system with different payment levels depending on the wellness of the covered employees.

We&#039;re getting fatter and lazier as a nation with no end in sight. Schools are getting rid of phys ed and recess and children are more sedentary than at any other time in history. Foods are fattening and the hormones in meats are fattening up our children and ourselve (like the livestock they were designed to chubb-up).

Entire city operating budgets will be taken up by healthcare premiums for active and retired city workers and their families. I think it&#039;s the city of Madison or Milwaukee that will spend its entire budget on healthcare costs in the next 5 years--with no money left ot keep the lights on.

With all of this being the case, what systematic changes will the government, industry and individuals need to make?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Healthcare costs are skyrocketing (with children, for example, getting sicker, younger) and people having old age types of health considerations much earlier in their working lives (like diabetes and heart disease).</p>
<p>Stockholders are demanding more return on their investment and, to increase stock performance, firms have been downsizing and raiding the healthcare piggybank. They have also demanded that companies require their staffers to pay more for their benefits or institute a tiered system with different payment levels depending on the wellness of the covered employees.</p>
<p>We&#8217;re getting fatter and lazier as a nation with no end in sight. Schools are getting rid of phys ed and recess and children are more sedentary than at any other time in history. Foods are fattening and the hormones in meats are fattening up our children and ourselve (like the livestock they were designed to chubb-up).</p>
<p>Entire city operating budgets will be taken up by healthcare premiums for active and retired city workers and their families. I think it&#8217;s the city of Madison or Milwaukee that will spend its entire budget on healthcare costs in the next 5 years&#8211;with no money left ot keep the lights on.</p>
<p>With all of this being the case, what systematic changes will the government, industry and individuals need to make?</p>
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		<title>By: Kathie</title>
		<link>http://www.mentalfloss.com/blogs/archives/7882/comment-page-2#comment-24133</link>
		<dc:creator>Kathie</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 14 Sep 2007 21:56:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.mentalfloss.com/blogs/archives/7882#comment-24133</guid>
		<description>I have worked for a health insurance company for the past 25 years.  And twenty-five years ago, most people in the United States had indemnity insurance coverage. A person with indemnity insurance could self-refer to any doctor, specialist or hospital and be billed for the service provided.  The insurance company and the patient would each review the bill and contribute to the cost.

Unfortunately, rising health care costs made it difficult for the average American to continue to pay for their out-of-pocket fees for indemnity coverage.  So, people turned to HMOâ€™s and managed care as a solution for affordable coverage.  

This changed healthcare dynamics in this country and several factors that have and will continue to contribute to rising health care costs.  These include:

New technology in medical procedures, testing and treatment such as MRI, Chemotherapy and new medications which continue to drive up the cost of health care.  Additionally, access to medical information is becoming vital to the future of healthcare requiring many providers to upgrade their computer systems to assure rapid and secure access to patient information.  

State and Federal Regulations, Benefit Mandates and Litigation are adding to the costs of administration for both medical plans and providers.  Another contributor is the growing number of legal cases regarding medical treatment and outcomes, which increase malpractice rates and medical review.  

Our aging population is also adding to medical demands as baby-boomers join the ranks of seniors and increase their needs for treatment and care.  The growing number of patients with conditions such as heart disease, cancer and diabetes have helped to drive the development of more effective forms of treatment, but at a greater cost.

One of the biggest is: Americans Want More
Social expectations continue to rise and the demand for more technology and advanced medical treatment also drives the cost of medical care.

Pharmaceutical companies and direct to consumer advertising drive consumer demands for the latest medical options.  This contributes to the cost of care,but not always to the effectiveness of these treatments or the quality of care that is needed to balance todayâ€™s healthcare environment. 

So over the past 25 years, health care costs have continued to rise, along with the American consumer demand for both the latest and most advanced technology.   

Unfortunately, as these cost trends for products and services have continued to rise, consumers have been shielded from the actual costs of health care.  As with many HMO plans the member never sees a bill, so they have no idea what the real charges were for their treatment.

Surprisingly, health care is one area where consumer tolerance for cost increases, regardless of the value of the service provided in comparison to other products and services, has gone down:

Service	1982	1992	2002	2007

 Bread	$0.65 	$0.85 	$1.10 	$1.20 
 Gas	$.91	$1.05	$1.55	$2.95 
CarWash	$5.99 	$10.99 	$15.00 	$18.00 
 Milk	$2.19 	$2.85 	$3.99 	$4.50 
Coffee	$0.50 	$1.00 	$3.50	$4.15 
Dr. apt $3.00 	$5.00 	$10.00 	$20.00 

With the introduction of the HMO copay in the early 80&#039;s consumers began to expect to pay a lower out of pocket cost for their healthcare services with greater expectations for covered services.

I find it surprizing that in America today, no one bats an eye to paying $20 for 4 cups of coffee, a car wash or 2 movie tickets.  But many people seem to think it is unfair to pay $20 for a physician visit or surgical procedure!

Before we can change the healthcare system in this country, we will need to address consumer expectations and the continuing trends that impact health care costs.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I have worked for a health insurance company for the past 25 years.  And twenty-five years ago, most people in the United States had indemnity insurance coverage. A person with indemnity insurance could self-refer to any doctor, specialist or hospital and be billed for the service provided.  The insurance company and the patient would each review the bill and contribute to the cost.</p>
<p>Unfortunately, rising health care costs made it difficult for the average American to continue to pay for their out-of-pocket fees for indemnity coverage.  So, people turned to HMOâ€™s and managed care as a solution for affordable coverage.  </p>
<p>This changed healthcare dynamics in this country and several factors that have and will continue to contribute to rising health care costs.  These include:</p>
<p>New technology in medical procedures, testing and treatment such as MRI, Chemotherapy and new medications which continue to drive up the cost of health care.  Additionally, access to medical information is becoming vital to the future of healthcare requiring many providers to upgrade their computer systems to assure rapid and secure access to patient information.  </p>
<p>State and Federal Regulations, Benefit Mandates and Litigation are adding to the costs of administration for both medical plans and providers.  Another contributor is the growing number of legal cases regarding medical treatment and outcomes, which increase malpractice rates and medical review.  </p>
<p>Our aging population is also adding to medical demands as baby-boomers join the ranks of seniors and increase their needs for treatment and care.  The growing number of patients with conditions such as heart disease, cancer and diabetes have helped to drive the development of more effective forms of treatment, but at a greater cost.</p>
<p>One of the biggest is: Americans Want More<br />
Social expectations continue to rise and the demand for more technology and advanced medical treatment also drives the cost of medical care.</p>
<p>Pharmaceutical companies and direct to consumer advertising drive consumer demands for the latest medical options.  This contributes to the cost of care,but not always to the effectiveness of these treatments or the quality of care that is needed to balance todayâ€™s healthcare environment. </p>
<p>So over the past 25 years, health care costs have continued to rise, along with the American consumer demand for both the latest and most advanced technology.   </p>
<p>Unfortunately, as these cost trends for products and services have continued to rise, consumers have been shielded from the actual costs of health care.  As with many HMO plans the member never sees a bill, so they have no idea what the real charges were for their treatment.</p>
<p>Surprisingly, health care is one area where consumer tolerance for cost increases, regardless of the value of the service provided in comparison to other products and services, has gone down:</p>
<p>Service	1982	1992	2002	2007</p>
<p> Bread	$0.65 	$0.85 	$1.10 	$1.20<br />
 Gas	$.91	$1.05	$1.55	$2.95<br />
CarWash	$5.99 	$10.99 	$15.00 	$18.00<br />
 Milk	$2.19 	$2.85 	$3.99 	$4.50<br />
Coffee	$0.50 	$1.00 	$3.50	$4.15<br />
Dr. apt $3.00 	$5.00 	$10.00 	$20.00 </p>
<p>With the introduction of the HMO copay in the early 80&#8242;s consumers began to expect to pay a lower out of pocket cost for their healthcare services with greater expectations for covered services.</p>
<p>I find it surprizing that in America today, no one bats an eye to paying $20 for 4 cups of coffee, a car wash or 2 movie tickets.  But many people seem to think it is unfair to pay $20 for a physician visit or surgical procedure!</p>
<p>Before we can change the healthcare system in this country, we will need to address consumer expectations and the continuing trends that impact health care costs.</p>
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		<title>By: Kara</title>
		<link>http://www.mentalfloss.com/blogs/archives/7882/comment-page-2#comment-24118</link>
		<dc:creator>Kara</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 14 Sep 2007 19:26:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.mentalfloss.com/blogs/archives/7882#comment-24118</guid>
		<description>One thing that HMO subscribers should know is that due to a loophole in the ERISA law, they cannot sue a physician or hospital for malpractice.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>One thing that HMO subscribers should know is that due to a loophole in the ERISA law, they cannot sue a physician or hospital for malpractice.</p>
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		<title>By: amanda</title>
		<link>http://www.mentalfloss.com/blogs/archives/7882/comment-page-2#comment-24080</link>
		<dc:creator>amanda</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 14 Sep 2007 14:46:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.mentalfloss.com/blogs/archives/7882#comment-24080</guid>
		<description>&lt;em&gt;How does the American healthcare system compare to those of other countries? Is there a better model we can follow?&lt;/em&gt;

&lt;em&gt;&lt;em&gt;I think the more important question is:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;

&lt;em&gt;&lt;em&gt;How can we ensure that every American has access to health care?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;

&lt;em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Right now emergency rooms are being used as primary health care, when that is not only more expensive, but by the time someone is going to the emergency room whatever is wrong may already be beyond help.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;

&lt;em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Most Americans don&#039;t even have access to preventive tests because they do not have insurance. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;

&lt;em&gt;&lt;em&gt;For example, simple preventive tests so as a mammogram or a colonoscopy (which would detect breast cancer and colorectal cancer, respectively). By the time most people have these tests done, it is too late and the cancer is in the later stages of the disease.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;

&lt;em&gt;&lt;em&gt;If all Americans had access to these and other preventive tests, ultimately, the price of health care would go down. People wouldn&#039;t need to be receiving expensive treatments and surgeries for diseases or other problems that could have been prevented by a test. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;

&lt;em&gt;&lt;em&gt;We need to make health care accessible to all Americans. Rich, poor, black, white...it shouldn&#039;t matter. Unfortunately, within our current health care system, those do factor into a person&#039;s access to health care. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;

&lt;em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Most people cannot afford health care. Especially if someone is unable to or not working. Health care is expensive.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;

&lt;em&gt;&lt;em&gt;The current system needs to be reformed if we ever have any hope to stop people from dying needlessly.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>How does the American healthcare system compare to those of other countries? Is there a better model we can follow?</em></p>
<p><em></em><em>I think the more important question is:</em></p>
<p><em></em><em>How can we ensure that every American has access to health care?</em></p>
<p><em></em><em>Right now emergency rooms are being used as primary health care, when that is not only more expensive, but by the time someone is going to the emergency room whatever is wrong may already be beyond help.</em></p>
<p><em></em><em>Most Americans don&#8217;t even have access to preventive tests because they do not have insurance. </em></p>
<p><em></em><em>For example, simple preventive tests so as a mammogram or a colonoscopy (which would detect breast cancer and colorectal cancer, respectively). By the time most people have these tests done, it is too late and the cancer is in the later stages of the disease.</em></p>
<p><em></em><em>If all Americans had access to these and other preventive tests, ultimately, the price of health care would go down. People wouldn&#8217;t need to be receiving expensive treatments and surgeries for diseases or other problems that could have been prevented by a test. </em></p>
<p><em></em><em>We need to make health care accessible to all Americans. Rich, poor, black, white&#8230;it shouldn&#8217;t matter. Unfortunately, within our current health care system, those do factor into a person&#8217;s access to health care. </em></p>
<p><em></em><em>Most people cannot afford health care. Especially if someone is unable to or not working. Health care is expensive.</em></p>
<p><em></em><em>The current system needs to be reformed if we ever have any hope to stop people from dying needlessly.</em></p>
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