13 Things You Might Not Know About the Sweet Valley High Books

Long before Harry Potter turned young adult literature into a publishing phenomenon, there was Sweet Valley High. The series about teenaged twins Elizabeth (the good one) and Jessica (the naughty one) Wakefield was created and supervised by author Francine Pascal, who passed away in 2024 at the age of 92. The books—which often featured soap opera-esque narratives—sold over 200 million copies worldwide. Take a look at these facts about the series that rewrote the book on high school angst.

1. Francine Pascal had no interest in writing the Sweet Valley High books ...
2. ... So she had an Oxford graduate do it.
3. Readers thought Pascal was a teenager.
4. Pascal had a 100-book contract.
5. Only three curse words were allowed.
6. A Sweet Valley High book was the first teen title to make The New York Times bestseller list.
7. The series had its detractors.
8. The cover artist painted a president.
9. The re-release put the Wakefield twins on a diet.
10. The board game was pretty vapid.
11. A major character died from snorting cocaine.
12. The original series ended with an earthquake.
13. The twins came back as adults.

Francine Pascal had no interest in writing the Sweet Valley High books ...

Pascal, a former journalist, had shopped a teen-oriented television soap opera in the 1970s but had no takers. In the early 1980s, she decided the serialized format might lend itself to an ongoing line of books. Pascal’s agent, Amy Berkower (who also shepherded the Choose Your Own Adventure franchise) sold the idea to Bantam. Pascal wrote a reference “bible” for ghostwriters and acted as the title’s de facto editor. Though Pascal’s name appears on every entry in the series with a “Created By” credit, her role was supervisory in nature. She told The Guardian in 2012 that she had no interest in writing them in part because her previous books were for a “sophisticated, educated audience.”

... So she had an Oxford graduate do it.

Ghostwriters would get a book outline from Pascal with plot points to follow; they’d be able to add their own flourishes and character moments, then turn the manuscript around for Pascal’s approval. One regular writer, Oxford graduate Amy Boesky, described the outlines as like “long, free-verse poems,” with eight or nine pages of single-spaced suggestions; Pascal said the process was like “paint by numbers” for books.

Readers thought Pascal was a teenager.

The tribulations of the Sweet Valley gang—stolen boyfriends, social cliques, irritating parents—so resonated with her readership that some assumed Pascal was roughly their age. One autograph seeker at a public signing approached her and exclaimed she thought Pascal would be 16; in fact, Pascal’s daughters were older than that. The author was in her late forties when the series debuted in the early 1980s and 66 when it ended in 2003.

Pascal had a 100-book contract.

While it’s not unusual for publishers to lock up celebrated, successful authors to contracts, Pascal may have had one of the most substantial commitments in the book business: Bantam signed her to a 100-book deal. (The series grew to roughly 152 entries in total, not including spin-off titles like Sweet Valley Twins that de-aged the girls to grade school and a thriller line where they solved murders.)

Only three curse words were allowed.

According to ghostwriter Ryan Nerz, the SVH protocol allowed for only three semi-profane words to appear in the titles: damn, hell, and bitch. Nerz peppered his manuscripts with them, then let editors pare down the expletives to an acceptable number.

A Sweet Valley High book was the first teen title to make The New York Times bestseller list.

In just a few short years, SVH took up permanent residence on nightstands in teen bedrooms across the country. Perfect Summer, released in 1985, became the first paperback young-adult fiction title to crack the venerable New York Times Bestseller List. The following year, 18 of the top 20 young adult spots in Waldenbooks and B. Dalton were Sweet Valley titles.  

The series had its detractors.

While Sweet Valley High intoxicated young readers who may never have otherwise picked up a book outside of assigned reading, critics believed it was the literary equivalent of “junk food” and nothing more than a sanitized version of the Harlequin romances; libraries didn’t like how the flimsy spines looked on shelves. Pascal dismissed the talk, saying it didn’t matter so long as it got kids to read. “I don’t know that they’re all going to go on to War and Peace, but we’ve created readers out of nonreaders,” she told People in 1988.

The cover artist painted a president.

Book cover artist James Mathewuse was highly sought after by the New York publishing houses: In addition to doing work for the Nancy Drew and Hardy Boys lines, he painted roughly 250 Sweet Valley High covers. Two decades earlier, he had been asked by the Democratic National Committee of Florida to paint President John F. Kennedy. Mathewuse also studied under Norman Rockwell protégé Peter Caras and employed Rockwell’s practice of having models photographed for reference material. For teen-lit, he skipped symbolism and went for light colors. “A symbolic cover is probably over the teenagers’ heads,” he told The New Yorker in 2010. “A romance title works best with pastel, lavender, and pink.”

The re-release put the Wakefield twins on a diet.

When Random House re-issued the series in 2008, they circulated a letter to journalists indicating certain dated references would be updated for contemporary readers. The twins’ red Fiat, for example, became a Jeep Wrangler. Curiously, they also shrunk the dress sizes of the girls from the original “perfect size 6” to a “perfect size 4.” The move prompted some media outlets to voice concern that the tweaks could provoke body-image issues in readers.

The board game was pretty vapid.

Few pop culture touchstones escaped the board game treatment in the 1970s and ’80s. In Sweet Valley High: The Game, players could “trade boyfriends” and acquire material goods in order to win. You might also land on a space that lets you give your maid the day off. Who can’t relate?

A major character died from snorting cocaine.

Though Pascal was initially reluctant to explore more taboo topics like teen pregnancy and drug use, she eventually warmed to the idea: Book No. 40 in the series, On the Edge, was a cautionary tale featuring the twins’ pal, Regina Morrow, who attends a party, tries cocaine for the first time, and drops dead on the spot. (Unbeknownst to her, she had a heart defect.) The Internet is rife with people who claim they have never done drugs as a direct result of Regina’s passing.

The original series ended with an earthquake.

Natural disasters are not typical teen-lit fodder, but Pascal wanted to go out with a bang: The final books in the main Sweet Valley franchise revolved around an earthquake that demolished the township. Tragically, classmate Olivia Davidson perished when a refrigerator fell on her.

The twins came back as adults.

Though Pascal once stated she wasn’t interested in the twins beyond the age of 17—she wanted to “keep them at the stage where everything is intense and pure”—the author explored their entry into adulthood with 2011’s Sweet Valley Confidential. It was the first installment she wrote entirely by herself, motivated in part after getting letters asking what happened to the Wakefield sisters after the conclusion of the series. (Spoiler: When the book opens, the two aren’t on speaking terms.) While the novel was not critically embraced, it sold well enough for Pascal to follow it up with an e-book serial, The Sweet Life.

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A version of this story ran in 2015; it has been updated for 2024.