From eradicating smallpox to battling the COVID-19 pandemic, these vaccine pioneers have helped make colossal strides in public health.

MEDICINE
There’s a lot of confusion about endometriosis symptoms, treatment, and other basics. We spoke to a specialist to set the record straight.
Two of the three vaccines with Emergency Use Authorization in the United States require two doses, and skipping the second isn't optional. Here's why.
The CDC's studies show that the risk of transmission for the coronavirus is significantly reduced when two parties are both wearing fitted and layered masks, echoing earlier recommendations from experts.
If we’re being pedantic here (and we are), ‘vaccination’ and ‘immunization’ shouldn't be used interchangeably.
When she graduated from medical school in 1849, Elizabeth Blackwell earned more than an M.D.: she also earned the distinction of becoming America’s first woman doctor.
The practice of doubling up on masks has been gaining attention, but it's not new advice. An expert explains.
COVID-19 restrictions are difficult, but at least we don’t have to carry 6-foot canes to make sure we’re properly social distancing.
Ancient kung fu techniques seemingly allow experts to absorb groin strikes without flinching. Is it a trick, or are they just nuts?
There are many weird ways to die. But Gouverneur Morris’s DIY whale-bone catheter might take the cake.
Seventy years ago, a polio epidemic swept through Wytheville, Virginia—and the town went on lockdown.
Doctors’ white coats became common in the late 19th century, but they’ve recently given rise to “white coat syndrome.”
The "cytokine storms" that precede severe illness in patients with COVID-19 has been poorly understood. New research has traced the risk of lung damage and organ failure to two key proteins that have the potential to be treated with drugs.
Woodrow Wilson never publicly acknowledged the 1918 influenza pandemic—not even after he caught the virus himself.
Some shots can barely be felt while others feel like you've been punched in the arm. Is it technique, the vaccine, or something else?
At the end of her life, Eva Perón was suffering from painful cancer and displaying erratic behavior, and her lobotomy may have been a way to treat both problems.
Some people are confused by the DO designation for health care providers, but it's not really so unusual.
When Ann Trow Sommers first arrived in New York City in 1831, she had no idea how notorious and vilified she’d soon become. In a matter of years, she’d craft a whole new identity for herself as Madame Restell, a prominent and wealthy abortionist.
The facts on where it comes from, how it works, and whether it could happen with the novel coronavirus.
Two of Roald Dahl’s books are dedicated to his daughter, Olivia, who died from measles complications in 1962.
From ‘Hidden Figure’ Katherine Johnson to female Nobel Laureates you may not have heard of, Nina Chhita's Instagram is giving us some important history lessons.
There's an excellent reason why pharmacy locations like CVS and Walgreens make you walk all the way through the store before picking up your antibiotics.