After nearly two years of waiting, fans of The Crown have finally gotten their latest fill of royal family drama—and a full season of Olivia Colman, Tobias Menzies, and Helena Bonham Carter in their new roles as Queen Elizabeth II, Prince Philip, and Princess Margaret, respectively. Now, as you anxiously await the fourth season—or just because you’re desperate to learn more—here are 25 things you might not know about The Crown.

1. The Crown creator Peter Morgan didn’t have much of an interest in the royal family.

Robert Viglasky, Netflix

Considering that The Crown creator Peter Morgan also wrote 2006’s The Queen (which earned Morgan an Oscar nomination for Best Original Screenplay and Helen Mirren an Oscar for her portrayal of Queen Elizabeth II), it would be easy to think that he has had a deep and lifelong interest in the royal family—but you’d be wrong. “It was a horrible mistake,” Morgan told Entertainment Weekly. “I don’t know how we’ve ended up here.”

The road to The Crown started with The Deal, a 2003 TV movie starring Michael Sheen about former prime minister Tony Blair’s rise to power. The Queen was a continuation of that story, with its focus on a newly elected Blair working to push the Queen to take action in the wake of Princess Diana’s death. “I so enjoyed writing those scenes between the Queen and Blair that I thought, ‘Well, I’ll do a play about those audiences, because she’s had 13 prime ministers,” Morgan said. That turned into The Audience, a play that opened in London in 2013 and eventually made its way to Broadway. And it was The Audience that got Morgan interested in a project that would let the Queen’s relationship with Winston Churchill play out a bit further.

2. Peter Morgan was “sick” of the Queen when the idea for The Crown came about.

Had you told Morgan in 2013 that he’d be dedicating the next several years of his life to creating a series about Queen Elizabeth, he probably would have laughed—or screamed. In 2016, when asked by Variety why he was interested in telling the story of the Queen’s rise to power, his response was honest: “I didn’t really. I’m sick of writing the world of Elizabeth. But when we did the play The Audience, the scene between Churchill and the young queen struck me as having lots of potential—this young 25-year-old girl and this 73-year-old, this daughter and this grandfather. And yet he was so in awe of her. I thought, I’d like to try writing this as a movie, Churchill and Elizabeth. Like Educating Rita. And then as I got writing, I thought actually her marriage is quite interesting, too. So let me just go back a bit. And then before I knew it, I thought this needs more time. That’s when I first rang the producer and thought, this could be a TV show. And Netflix just jumped at it.”

3. The Crown was originally pitched as a three-season project.

While the current plan is to create a total of at least six seasons, Morgan initially envisioned half that. “Originally, when I went to Netflix, I was pitching it as three seasons. It just kept growing,” Morgan, who was glad the idea kept expanding, told EW. “By the time we got to the end with Claire and Matt, I think they were ready to go somewhere else.”

4. Claire Foy flew under the radar during auditions.

Robert Viglasky, Netflix

Though it’s hard to imagine the first two seasons of The Crown with anyone but Claire Foy in the role of Elizabeth, Morgan admits that she did not stand out to him at first. “I tried to cast almost everyone in Britain before Claire Foy,” Morgan told Variety. “It was weird. Every time I went to a read-through where we were doing auditions for The Queen, I was interested in actress A or B. I would skip the bit where Claire was in there. And then after about the fourth time, I went, ‘This one is sensational, who’s this?’ And they said, ‘Pete, she’s been in four times. And you’ve gone for a better-known actress.’”

Fading into the background a bit is one of the very things that made Foy such a brilliant fit for the part. “She very queen-like … and has proven to be very queen-like,” Morgan said. “Brilliantly effective. Completely undivaish. I don’t know whether the part made her that or whether she really is that … It’s such a hard role—she has to be both stunningly beautiful but only fleetingly and then be quite plain and forgettable. And yet at the same time genuinely startling. She has to be in the background sort of anonymous and then, every now and then, have devastating impact. It’s really not easy.”

5. Peter Morgan didn’t think there would be a show without Matt Smith as Prince Philip.

As much a challenge as it was casting the role of Elizabeth, the role of Prince Philip was equally difficult—albeit for different seasons. “[Matt Smith] really had a challenge,” Morgan told Variety. “When those two read together, there was complete electricity. They worked so perfectly. A number of other actors had read for the part and absolutely nobody interested me. Matt was the hardest one for us to pin down, to do a deal with. I just said to the casting director, ‘He’s the only one.’ I don’t care if this plays to his agent’s advantage. It’s him or nobody. Don’t posture. We won’t have a show. I’m afraid I gave them no negotiating position. I’m sure Matt’s being hideously overpaid as a result. He was the only one.”

6. There was a pay discrepancy.

Though Claire Foy was the undoubted star of The Crown’s first two seasons, Morgan wasn’t kidding when he said that Matt Smith may have been overpaid for the role. In March 2018, during a Q&A, one of the producers revealed that Smith was paid more than Foy for The Crown. This ignited a global debate regarding the gender pay gap, with lots of people involved in the production making their voices heard. Jared Harris, who played King George VI (Elizabeth’s father), called the situation an “embarrassment” for the production team and made it clear that Foy should be compensated. “I understand they made an apology but, you know, an apology and a check would be more welcome,” Harris told Digital Spy. “She worked longer hours. Her performance is a huge reason why this thing is going to have a season three, four, five, and six ... send her a paycheck and, in retrospect, bring her pay up to parity.”

For their parts, Foy and Smith remained rather tight-lipped about the controversy. When asked by EW whether she was surprised to learn that Smith was paid more than her for a smaller role, Foy replied:

“I’m surprised because I’m at the center of it, and anything that I’m at the center of like that is very, very odd, and feels very, very out of the ordinary. But I’m not [surprised about the interest in the story] in the sense that it was a female-led drama. I’m not surprised that people saw [the story] and went, ‘Oh, that’s a bit odd.’ But I know that Matt feels the same that I do, that it’s odd to find yourself at the center [of a story] that you didn’t particularly ask for.”

7. Felicity Jones was reportedly in contention for the role of the Queen.

Dia Dipasupil/Getty Images

Before The Crown officially began filming, several well-known actors gathered in London to read the scripts for an assembly of producers and Netflix executives. Among the actors on hand was Felicity Jones, who was considered a front runner after she read the role of Elizabeth. Her performance was apparently described as “breathtaking” by several people in attendance.

8. A corset helped Claire Foy get into character.

While actors have a variety of ways of finding their characters, Foy said that tapping into Queen Elizabeth came with wearing a corset. “I’d just had a baby when I started filming, so I had to wear a proper corset because I was about five dress sizes bigger than I normally am,” she told Vanity Fair. “The corset helps you not slouch. Now we’re doing the second series. I’m not wearing it anymore, but it stays with you, that posture, and being a lady."

9. John Lithgow was not an obvious choice to play Winston Churchill.

Though Winston Churchill has been portrayed by dozens of actors over the years, John Lithgow’s interpretation of the former prime minister was one of the series’s acting highlights. But there was some skepticism when casting director Nina Gold suggested him for the role, partly because he’s American (even though Churchill’s mother was American). But it all worked out: “It’s an astonishingly versatile piece of acting by one of the world’s great character actors,” Morgan told Variety. “We’re privileged to have him. Even though he’s tall enough to be Churchill the basketball player. That’s why Nina Gold is who Nina Gold is. Every now and then, every head of department needs to prove why they are at the top of their field. Nina’s choice of John Lithgow is exactly that kind of moment. No one else would have thought of that and the moment she did everyone went ‘Oh my god, what a great idea.’”

10. John Lithgow channeled his inner Winston Churchill by stuffing cotton up his nose.

Alex Bailey/Netflix

In 2017, John Lithgow won an Emmy for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for his portrayal of Winston Churchill on The Crown. In an interview with USA Today he explained that getting Churchill's somewhat nasally sound just right wasn’t easy, or pretty—and included shoving bits of cotton up his nose. “It was rather repulsive watching me pluck cotton out of my nose after every scene, but they just had to put up with it," Lithgow said.

11. Claire Foy watched a lot of the royals’ home videos for research.

Elizabeth’s father once gifted her with a video camera, and she regularly used it to shoot home videos, some of which Buckingham Palace has released to the public. For Foy, watching these videos provided an invaluable insight into who Elizabeth was as a person.

“The palace did this thing [for the Queen’s 90th birthday] where the royal family sat down and watched the home videos together [for a BBC documentary],” Foy told Vanity Fair. “William and Harry sat down and watched some. The Queen and Prince Charles watched some. It was the most amazing thing, watching them watch these home videos. A lot of these home videos are of her and Margaret and Philip and, at that point, Charles and Anne—them messing about and rolling down hills. That was very, very early on in her reign … Those were really amazing, because even then she had such a reserved quality. She wasn’t, obviously, as frivolous as Margaret.”

12. At one point, Claire Foy worried that agreeing to make The Crown was the worst mistake she had ever made.

While playing Queen Elizabeth II might seem like a dream role, it felt more like a nightmare to Foy very early on. "On the first day of filming, I found myself halfway up a Scottish mountain with engorged boobs and no way of getting down to feed my baby," Foy, a new mom at the time, told British Vogue. "I had to ring my husband and tell him to give her formula … as I sat in a Land Rover trying to get my broken breast pump to work, I felt I’d made the worst mistake of my life.”

13. Prince William offered Matt Smith one word of advice about Prince Philip.

While appearing on The Graham Norton Show, Matt Smith shared that he met Prince William prior to The Crown's debut and someone told him that Smith would be playing his grandfather. Smith asked if he had any advice for how to nail the character. William’s response? “Legend. He's an absolute legend."

14. Olivia Colman was the only choice to play the Queen in seasons 3 and 4.

In 2019, Oscar winner Olivia Colman took over the role of Queen Elizabeth II from Claire Foy, and according to Morgan, it was Colman or no one. “Olivia Colman was a list of one,” Morgan told Entertainment Weekly. “I think I wanted to know [she would play the part] even before negotiations were done for seasons 3 and 4.” That the world saw Colman play Queen Anne in The Favourite before The Crown’s third season debuted wasn’t ideal, but it all worked out in the end. “Obviously I’d have preferred her not to be playing another queen before,” Morgan said. “But it’s so different—such a different tone.”

15. Olivia Colman said yes to The Crown because of a large tax bill.

When asked about her decision to take on the imposing role of Queen Elizabeth II in The Crown, Olivia Colman gave a very honest answer to her reason for saying yes: “I had a tax bill and they called me and I went: ‘Ok’—it’s true,” the Oscar winner said.

“I just went: ‘Yes please.’ That was before I’d really thought it through as to whether it was the right decision. But I was a big fan anyway.”

16. Tobias Menzies wasn’t very interested in royal life, or Prince Philip.

Sophie Mutevelian, Netflix

Like so many of the show’s other players, Tobias Menzies—who took over the role of Prince Philip from Matt Smith in season 3—didn’t have much interest in royal life or Prince Philip. But working on The Crown and getting to understand the man behind the public persona has changed his opinion. “I wasn’t someone who read about [the royal family] or involved myself with them, but I’ve been very intrigued by his life,” Menzies said. “He’s a pretty interesting bloke. He’s a complex person, with complex stories. I have a lot of regard for him.”

17. Helena Bonham Carter met Princess Margaret once—who commented on her acting abilities.

In season 3, Helena Bonham Carter took over the role of the wild—and wildly intimidating—Princess Margaret, and had a little personal history from which she could pull. “My uncle was actually very close to her,” Bonham Carter told EW. “She was pretty scary. At one point, she met me at Windsor Castle and she said, ‘You are getting better, aren’t you?’” Bonham Carter presumed the princess was referring to her acting.

18. The show is a global hit, particularly in the UK.

According to the Royal Television Society, nine percent of Netflix subscribers in the UK watched The Crown—which is more people than have watched major hits like Breaking Bad, Orange Is the New Black, or Narcos.

19. The Crown’s audience skews older—and wealthier.

Nielsen broke down the demographics of The Crown’s audience in 2017, shortly after the premiere of its second season, and found that nearly two-thirds of the show’s viewers were 35 or older, with half of those viewers being over 49. Women made up 65 percent of the audience, and 40 percent of those watching the show were in households with incomes of at least $100,000 per year.

20. It’s one of the most expensive TV shows ever made.

Robert Viglasky / Netflix

Everything about The Crown is lavish, and it shows in the series’s production budget, which is one of the highest of any television series ever produced. According to the BBC, each episode of the first two seasons cost between $6.5 and $13 million to make—leading to a grand production total of $130 million for just seasons 1 and 2. (For the record: Morgan says those numbers are “absolute nonsense.”)

21. Recreating the Queen's wedding dress was a difficult task.

While the costume department takes a lot of creative liberties with their clothing choices, they do create replica outfits for major events that are easy for people to still watch today, like Elizabeth’s wedding to Philip and her coronation. In fact, season 1 costume designer Michele Clapton (who also worked on Game of Thrones) told Harper’s Bazaar that the Queen’s wedding dress was the “most elaborate [and] time-consuming" costume she and her team worked on. "I thought it was so important that it was as close as we could possibly make it,” Clapton said. “That whole procession with the bridesmaids and the train and everything was something which I thought, ‘If we don't get that right, then we don't actually have the right to make anything else up.’”

22. The Crown’s corgis eat a lot of cheese.

Olivia Colman stars as Queen Elizabeth II in Netflix's The Crown.

Sophie Mutevelian, Netflix

In The Crown, the Queen is never too far away from her beloved corgis. And Foy revealed that one of the ways the trainers on the set get them to behave is with cheese. “They love cheese, like cheddar cheese,” Foy told Vanity Fair. “Most dogs, when you’ve got them on set, they love a treat like biscuits or a little bit of meat or something like that. The smell doesn’t necessarily linger. Also, you sort of worry that they’re going to have a heart attack when you’re giving it to them. These corgis are cheesed up to the max—they’re eating like a whole block of cheddar every day. It’s scary.”

23. The show has some royal fans.

Before Meghan Markle became the Duchess of Sussex, the New York Post reported that she had already moved into Kensington Palace with her now-husband Prince Harry, and that their nights often consisted of home-cooked meals and watching Netflix shows…including The Crown.

24. The Queen herself is rumored to have watched The Crown—and liked it.

Jane Barlow, Pool/Getty Images

In 2017, the Daily Express reported that the Queen had watched season 1 of The Crown—and quite liked it. "It has been a longstanding arrangement that [Prince Edward and his wife] drive to Windsor at the weekend to join the Queen for an informal supper while watching TV or a film,” an unnamed source told the paper. “They have a Netflix account and urged her to watch it with them. Happily, she really liked it, although obviously there were some depictions of events that she found too heavily dramatized."

The Queen was apparently less impressed with season 2. In 2018, the Daily Express reported that Elizabeth was upset by the way the show portrayed Philip and Charles’s relationship. A yet-again-unnamed source said she "was particularly annoyed at a scene in which Philip has no sympathy for a plainly upset Charles while he is flying him home from Scotland. That simply did not happen."

Philip, on the other hand, must have been in another room. When a friend of Matt Smith’s met the Prince at an event, he asked him if he had watched any of the series. Prince Philip’s response, according to Smith? "Don’t. Be. Ridiculous.”

25. Peter Morgan doesn't think people binge-watch The Crown.

While plenty of viewers have watched each season of The Crown in a single sitting, Peter Morgan isn’t so sure that’s the best way to watch the series. “I don’t think this is a show where people will be watching more than two [episodes] at a time,” he told Variety. “You just want to process it. I just watched a show recently, The Fall, where I watched seven episodes in one night. Insane. I don’t think [The Crown is] that kind of a show. There’s too much going on in one episode to process it like that. Which is a shame, because I’d love people to watch it all, going up in one night. I once had the flu, had a raging temperature, and watched an entire season of 24—24 episodes in 28 hours. It stayed with me forever as a result. It was a deep experience. I hope people stay with this. You never know."

All around the country, traffic lights help maintain order on roadways by signaling when it’s time to stop (red), slow down (yellow), or continue (green). While the color scheme appears obvious now, it had to have been created and invented somewhere. Here’s how we arrived at these beacons of the transit system.

According to Today I Found Out, traffic lights have origins in the railroad systems of the 1800s. Train engineers needed a way to know when to stop their locomotives and when to slow down. Red was selected for stop since most people associate it with something potentially perilous or serious. (More importantly, red has the longest wavelength on the color spectrum and can be seen from greater distances, allowing operators to begin slowing down sooner.) They also used a white light to indicate a conductor could go and a green light when they were to use caution.

This worked, until it didn’t. Since two of the lights had a colored filter, confusion resulted if one of the lenses fell off, revealing a white light. If a red filter was damaged, for example, a conductor would see the white light and think it was safe to go when it wasn’t. Legend has it that stars could also be mistaken for the lights, causing accidents. To avoid that problem, white was eliminated, yellow was added to indicate caution, and green was shifted to signal it was time to proceed.

Over in England, the railroad system was being adopted for traffic lights, even though there technically wasn’t any vehicular traffic. Instead, people were concerned about horse-drawn carriages moving through town and posing a danger to pedestrians. Railway manager John Peake Knight noticed the issue and told London’s Metropolitan Police he had a solution: a semaphore system that used signals manually raised or lowered by police officers to signal to carriage drivers to stop or slow down. At night, gas-powered red and green lights were used. Thanks to a gas explosion, however, the system didn’t last long.

By the early 1900s, however, it was clear something effective had to be done. In 1913, the year the Ford Model T was introduced, there were more than 4000 casualties on roads, many as a result of intersection collisions. The United States used law enforcement to enforce traffic, using the semaphore method of arm waving to direct vehicles. It was Cleveland engineer James Hoge who suggested tapping into the trolley system to power red and green lights like the ones used on railways. This system didn’t utilize yellow, with officers preferring to blow a whistle to let drivers know the signal was about to change. It wasn’t until 1920 that a Detroit police officer named William L. Potts devised the three-colored system—red, yellow, and green. A few years later, the lights started changing during timed intervals. If it turned red and no traffic was around, a driver could honk to get it to change.

Not all locations used the same colors, however. To avoid confusion, the Federal Highway Administration mandated the red, yellow, and green color scheme in 1935. It also set guidelines for road signs and pavement markings, standardizing many of the road information we see today.

[h/t Today I Found Out]