Mental Floss

GEOLOGY

What is sand, exactly?

Every summer at the beach, sand becomes an essential ingredient in the recipe for fun. But what the heck is it?

Rachel Lense




The Giant’s Causeway in County Antrim, Northern Ireland.

In Northern Ireland, thousands of hexagonal stone columns of various heights rise out of the North Atlantic Ocean and climb up to the foot of a cliff, as if they had been placed by a massive mythical creature.

Lorna Wallace








The Appalachian Mountains have a long, fascinating history.

The Appalachian Mountains occupy a towering spot in North American cultural identity, thanks in part to the Appalachian Trail. The rugged peaks have been influencing the continent for a lot longer than we’ve been around to appreciate them.

Zoë Randolph








Earthquakes don't cause giant cartoonish chasms to open up, but they can tear up the landscape like this.

Fear not: the chances of “The Big One” hitting while you read this article are very, very slim. But that doesn't mean you should let your guard down.

Ellen Gutoskey




BigshotD3/iStock via Getty Images

Old Faithful isn't as predictable as it used to be, but geologists in Yellowstone National Park can still time its eruptions pretty accurately.

Mark Mancini